Cone-shaped hollow flexible reinforced concrete foundation (CHFRF) – Innovative for mountain wind turbines

This paper presents an innovative type of mountain wind turbine foundation, namely, the cone-shaped hollow flexible reinforced concrete foundation (CHFRF). It consists of a top plate, a base plate and a side wall that are made of reinforced concrete. The cavity of the CHFRF is filled with rubble and soil directly from the excavation for the CHFRF, which means that it can absorb the spoil. A rubber layer is placed beneath the CHFRF to increase the foundation flexibility to resist cyclic and dynamic loadings and to increase the bearing capacity. The great advantages of the CHFRF are the reduction in the usage of concrete and steel and the protection of the vegetation around the wind turbine, compared with conventional mountain wind turbine foundations that are solid structures. It is verified through model tests and a numerical simulation that the CHFRF can provide higher lateral bearing capacity in comparison to the regular circular gravity-based foundation under the same foundation diameter and height, and that the bearing capacity is increased by approximately 33.5% accordingly. It is also found that the rubber layer can effectively reduce the accumulated rotation of the CHFRF under cyclic loading. The accumulated rotation of the CHFRF with a rubber layer having a thickness of 4 mm is decreased by about 50% compared to that of the CHFRF with a rubber layer having a thickness of 2 mm. In addition, the volume of concrete used for the CHFRF is only one-fifth of that used for the circular gravity-based foundation. Therefore, the CHFRF outperforms regular mountain wind turbine foundations.     

Amphiphilic Properties of Dodecylammonium Chloride/4-(1-Pentylheptyl) Benzene Sodium Sulfonate Aqueous Mixtures and Study of the Catanionic Complex

Surfactants are often used in supramolecular chemistry, due to their ability to self-organize. Surfactant molecules aggregate spontaneously and reversibly to adopt a defined intermolecular arrangement. In this work, general phase behavior, adsorption and association in aqueous mixtures of dodecylammonium chloride, DACl and sodium 4-(1-pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, NaDBS, were studied by a combination of techniques including surface tension and conductivity measurements, light scattering and optical microscopy. The strong synergistic properties of the system were brought out with the Regular Solution Theory. Various colloidal objects are observed in wide range of composition: conventional small vesicles, large giant multilamellar or multivesicular vesicles. An excess of NaDBS provides extremely large tubular and elongated multilamellar vesicles. The new catanionic 1:1 complex, dodecylammonium-4-(1-pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, formed in the equimolar conditions is a result of intramolecular charge neutralization. The thermal properties of this solid compound were examined by thermal polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The most probable ion-pair amphiphilic cluster of the crystal smectic phase, at room temperature, consists of ionic groups formed in ordered layers with dodecyl chains packed into somewhat disordered layers, tilted to the layer plane.     

螺旋叶片折流板换热器的壳程传热性能研究

为研究螺旋叶片折流板换热器壳程传热性能,通过FLUENT数值模拟,对螺旋叶片折流板换热器壳程的压力场、温度场和速度场进行了分析。比较了换热器性能参数的模拟值和实验值,各性能参数模拟值和实验值的比值趋势基本一致。研究结果表明,模拟范围内,折流板间距越小、螺旋角度越大的情况下,螺旋叶片折流板换热器的综合性能最优。     

化学清洗及干燥方法对盖玻片亲水性的影响

通过测试盖玻片对水的动态接触角,研究不同的化学清洗、晾干和烘干以及烘干时间对盖玻片的亲水性的影响。结果表明,在食人鱼溶液、氨水双氧水溶液(H2O2/NH4OH/H2O,1∶1∶5,体积比)、盐酸双氧水溶液(HCl/H2O2/H2O,1∶1∶6,体积比)和NaOH溶液(5%)等4种洗涤液中,用食人鱼溶液清洗或依次用食人鱼溶液、氨水双氧水溶液和盐酸双氧水溶液清洗的盖玻片的亲水性较好;长时间晾干或烘干皆对亲水性不利,高温烘干,最好选择100℃、1~2 h。     

模拟宫腔液对加成型液体硅橡胶性能的影响

采用模拟宫腔液对加成型液体硅橡胶硫化胶进行浸泡处理,通过全反射傅里叶红外光谱分析、表面接触角和热重分析对模拟宫腔液浸泡前后的硫化胶进行表征,研究模拟宫腔液的浓度和浸泡时间对硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着浸泡时间的延长和模拟宫腔液浓度的增大,硫化胶的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度有所下降,硬度基本不变;但即使经过3倍标准浓度模拟宫腔液90℃下浸泡12天后,硫化胶的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度的降低幅度均低于10％,而且硫化胶的化学性质稳定,亲水性提高,热稳定性良好。因此,加成型液体硅橡胶是制作宫内节育器的理想材料。     

Fabrication of TiN nanostructure as a hydrogen peroxide sensor by oblique angle deposition

Nanostructured titanium nitride (TiN) films with varying porosity were prepared by the oblique angle deposition technique (OAD). The porosity of films increases as the deposition angle becomes larger. The film obtained at an incident angle of 85° exhibits the best catalytic activity and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This could be attributed to its largest contact area with the electrolyte. An effective approach is thus proposed to fabricate TiN nanostructure as H₂O₂ sensor by OAD.     

坝基不同倾角软弱夹层的破坏模式及D-C模型参数研究

坝基岩体中的软弱夹层对抗滑稳定影响重大,因此对其破坏模式及本构模型参数的研究具有重要意义。采用软弱夹层重塑样进行三轴压缩试验,下部未泥化部分采用泥化部分土掺入20%水泥代替,上部采用泥化部分土制样,泥化部分与未泥化部分交界面分别制成0°,30°,45°,60°倾斜面并作粗糙处理模拟实际界面特性。试验结果表明:含不同倾角结构面的软弱夹层试样临界角范围为58.3°～61.7°,当结构面倾角介于临界角范围之内时,软弱夹层试样沿结构面破坏,当结构面倾角位于临界角范围之外时,软弱夹层试样在上部泥化部分土中破坏;对软弱夹层试样三轴试验ε((σ_1-σ_3))–ε_1关系曲线进行线性拟合,结果表明,随围压增加,试样初始切线模量及极限破坏强度均增加,根据试验结果得出了相应的D-C模型参数并将其应用于坝基抗滑设计中,取得了良好效果。本研究成果对坝基软弱夹层的抗滑设计及同类软弱夹层工程性质的研究具有一定参考价值。     

小半径平面曲线隧道地震响应分析

基于某实际工程,建立了小半径平面曲线隧道三维分析模型,探讨其在单向水平激振下的地震响应规律。其中考虑了隧道弯曲角度、地震动幅值和类型等因素的影响。通过分析得出了小半径平面曲线隧道的地震响应规律:①响应幅值方面,横向抗震段的响应最大,曲线段其次,纵向抗震段最小;②响应差异方面,曲线部分对隧道加速度影响较小,主要影响隧道的变形;③震动能量方面,随着隧道从横向抗震逐渐过渡到纵向抗震,其震动能量逐渐降低。     

后置翼墙加固框架柱抗震变形能力研究

为考察后置翼墙加固混凝土框架柱的抗震性能,结合已有研究中试验轴压比为0.31、0.36、0.40,原柱纵筋配筋率为0.82%~1.23%的18个后置翼墙加固试件的低周反复荷载试验,采用ABAQUS软件进行了675个后置翼墙加固试件在水平反复荷载下的有限元模拟。试验和有限元分析结果表明：由于后置翼墙作为原柱的耗能及加固部件有效保护了原柱,后置翼墙加固试件中原柱损伤相对较轻;后置翼墙一字形加固柱的损伤主要发生在两片后置翼墙端部区域,T形及L形加固柱原柱损伤主要发生在未后置翼墙一侧,且损伤区域较小;建立了翼墙加固柱极限层间位移角关于原柱轴压比、剪跨比、翼墙钢筋配筋率等关键参数的计算式。     

结合结构面统计的侧向岩石压力计算方法

岩体抗剪强度取决于结构面分布及其性质,侧向岩石压力的计算常用岩体等效内摩擦角参数,而边坡规范中岩体等效内摩擦角的取值难以反映实际岩体结构面分布及其性质的影响。为确定合理的支挡结构侧向岩石压力值,提出对现场岩体结构面性质包括产状、隙宽、迹长、间距、粗糙度进行统计,进而结合现场结构面统计的蒙特卡洛随机模拟结果和RMR地质评价系统,对岩体结构面进行定量评价。利用评价结果和Hoek-Brown准则拟合得到岩体等效摩尔库伦强度参数,由此计算侧向岩石压力。通过与现有方法进行对比发现,采用本方法得到的岩体等效内摩擦角计算所得的侧向压力更符合实际。